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Photo: Mats Jansson

Nature in Gotland

Once upon a time, Gotland could be found near the equator. Scientists know this thanks to the more than 2 000 fossils that have been found on the island. This period 400 million years ago is known as the Silurian Period.

Gotland is the largest island of Sweden and is one of its smallest provinces. Its position is not far from the Baltic countries. The island is 140 km long and, on average, 50 km wide. The area is 3 140 sq.km and the coastline 800 km. The island is mainly made up of limestone which also means it is very flat, the highest peak being only about 70 m. above sea level. Many of the beaches are composed of pebbles although there are several sand beaches as well. Along the east coast you can spot limestone pillars (raukar) which are typical for Gotland. These pillars were formed by the sea eroding away the softer parts of the coastline and leaving only the reef limestone standing.

Gotland's flora and fauna differ much from the mainland's. Most of the mammals on the mainland are not found on Gotland. The animals that do live there, hares, hedgehogs and roe deer, have all been introduced from the mainland. There are also many types of bird to be found on and around the island.

Off the west coast of Gotland is Stora Karlsö, a very small island but still very special. The boat-ride from Klintehamn takes only 40 minutes and is well worth the journey once you have seen the view from the lighthouse. There are also several caves here where many Stone Age finds have been made. There is a restaurant on the island and even rooms for hire if you wish to stay overnight.

Fårö is off the north coast of Gotland. It seems as time stood still on this little island. 17th century farms are scattered over the area, both here and on the upper part of the mainland.

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